مجله دندانپزشکی کودکان ایران
پیاپی 16 (بهار و تابستان1392)

In some cases, deep caries incidence or trauma causes primary first deciduous teeth to loss prematurely which develops different complications such as space loss leading in delayed or urged eruption of permanent successors in turn. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of premature loss of primary first molars on 4-8 years old children referring to the Faculty of Dentistry of Qazvin University between the years 1387-1389. In this descriptive trial, 114 children (48 males, 66 females) subjected to the premature extraction of the primary first deciduous teeth were selected and underwent exact clinical examinations. The results were recorded in a questionnaire and the frequency and percent of different complications following premature loss of the primary first deciduous teeth were reported. In children with the premature loss of the primary first deciduous teeth, the mean space of canine distal and primary second molar mesial aspects was 6.34±1.96 mm in the extraction side and 8.28±0.82 in the control side. In 44 (38.6%) of the subjects, the primary second molar teeth drifted mesially and in 34 (29.8%) ones, the canine moved distally. In 36 (31.6%) individuals; the extracted teeth quickened the eruption of the permanent first premolars. The mean time passed from the teeth extractions was also 21.62 months. 25(21.9%) of subjects used space maintainers while the maintainer type was band and loop in the most cases (80%) and lingual arch in 20% of them. 28 (24.6%) individuals showed occlusal movement of the teeth in the opposite side of the extracted teeth and in 10 (8.8%) of cases, the permanent first premolar was rotated. 22 (19.3%) of cases showed spacing and 42 (36.8%) of them had crowding traits.Due to the different complications associated with the premature loss of the primary deciduous first molars, the development of suitable treatment and preventive cares will help children to achieve acceptable level of oral and dental health.

The first permanent molar is one of the most important teeth in the cycle of eruption. It can involve complication due to the time of eruption and its particular condition in the jaws. The purpose of this study was structural and healthy evaluation of the first permanent molar in school girls and boys in Mashhad in 1386. In this cross-sectional study 700 school girls and boys were examined. The samples were selected in a cluster-stratified method. The different condition on the first permanent molar was registered in examination form. The results were statistically analyzed by Chi-Square and Kruscal Wallis tests. In school girls, the statistical analysis showed a significant increase of decay, filling, extracted tooth, mesially drift, hypoplasia and hypo calcification of the first permanent molar in the lower jaw. Extrusion and erupting teeth were significantly higher in upper jaw. In school boys, the statistical analysis showed a significant increase of decay, filling, mesially drifts, and erupting teeth in the lower jaw. Extrusion was significantly higher in upper jaw. In contrast between two groups decay, extrusion, mesially drift, hypoplasia and hypo calcification of the first permanent molar were significantly higher in girls, but the amounts of fissure sealant was higher in boys. Decay, filling, extrusion were significantly increased by the age. The amounts of fissure sealant therapy among the teeth, which the treatment was necessary for them, were low in this study. Based on the results of the present study, high rate of decay, insufficient attention to dental prevention and noticeable amount of structural defects observed in permanent teeth in mixed dentition period, which needs more attention.

Polymerization shrinkage is one of etiologic factors of marginal leakage in the colored- tooth restorations. Guided polymerization technique has been suggested to relieve this problem. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of guided polymerization on microleakage of fissure sealant in premolar teeth. This in vitro study was done on 72 freshly extracted human premolars without dental caries and crack. Teeth randomly assigned into 12 subgroups of 6 each. Irradiation procedures were performed in experimental group (through tooth structure), first control group (irradiation with conventional method), second control group (irradiation with increased time) with high and low intensities of LED and QTH light curing units. Microleakage was evaluated by stereomicroscope with magnification of 40. The Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Logistic regression with significance of 0.05 were used for statistical analyses. The “guided polymerization” technique had no significant effect on microleakage of studied groups. None of independent variables (light cure unit, light intensity and irradiation protocols) had statistically significant effect on microleakage. Irradiation with higher intensity and lower duration (within the limits of examined intensities and durations) and just from occlusal surface using LED or QTH light curing units, in order to reduce the working time in pediatric dentistry recommended.

Early childhood caries is one of the common problems that occur in preschool children. There is an agreement related to enamel hypoplasia occurring in severe prenatal disorders such as maternal chronic blood pressure, diabetes and premature delivery.Nevertheless, there are contradictive opinions toward the capability of the cavity formation in primary hypoplastic teeth.This research was performed during 2005 in Tehran kindergartens to investigate the relationship between pregnancy and delivery disorders and early childhood caries among 3 to 4 years old children and their control group. This was a case control survey in Tehran kindergartens that was performed on fifty 3 to 4 years old children suffering from early childhood caries and their control group which were chosen randomly. Early childhood caries was diagnosed by clinical examination (carious involvement of at least two maxillary incisors on buccal or palatal surfaces). Information forms about pregnancy and delivery complications had been filled out by mothers. The sample taking method was based on goal. Chi square analysis was used as a statistical analysis. The research was performed on 100 children. Children in 2 groups were matched according to other contributing factors. Children in 2 groups were similar and their differences were not significant. In children suffering from early childhood caries, 48% were confronting pregnancy disorders and the ones who had healthy teeth 20% were facing pregnancy disorders(P<0.05). However in children with and without history of pregnancy disorders, Early childhood caries were observed in 86% and 60% respectively (P<0.05). The results indicated that there was an association between the appearance of Early Childhood Caries and complications during pregnancy or at delivery. It is advisable that a forward looking research capturing bigger and more variety of population from pregnant women has to be done to detect children who are at risk for Early childhood caries after sustaining damaging incidents in embryo or during delivery.

Understanding the properties of Stainless Steel Crowns from different manufacturers may be helpfull in choosing more appropriate treatment in restoration of the teeth of children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the marginal circumference of SSC manufactured by 3M and MIB Company for primary and permanent teeth in different sizes and the ratio between them. Measuring the circumference of cervical margin of SSC and considering the percentage of reduced marginal circumference after crimping, can suggest some comments to dentists in order to choose an appropriate crown size. The wide range application of these crowns and the importance of their compliances with teeth were the main reason to designe a study measuring the marginal circumference of these crowns. In this experimental study, several photographs were taken with a digital camera from cervical margins of 58 SSCs (3M and MIB) of permanent and deciduous molars considring determined distances and same conditions. Then the photos were cut by the same zoom and after dotting the cervical margins, the peculiarities of dots were inserted into ANSYS HFSS 12 software and the related SSCs were stimulated. Then, the marginal circumference of SSC were analyzed and compared with t-test. The mean changes of marginal circumference from a number to a higher one were almost 4%. The total average ratio of marginal circumference of each number to a higher number was 0.96. The marginal circumference of 3M and MIB crowns were similar.

Clinical Longevity is a primary concern when selecting a restorative dental material. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the frequent reasons of failure and survival rate of amalgam restorations in 6-12- years -old children in Dental health center of Zanjan in 2010-2012. This analytic – descriptive, cross sectional study was performed on 200 patients previously treated at Shafieh dental clinic (in 2010) who were summoned for reexamination of treated teeth. All participants (296 restorations) were reexamined by one examiner with direct Observation, probing by explorer, dental floss and radiography. Data were analyzed using Chi square test. (p 0/05). 52.4% of deciduous teeth (DRT) and 10.5% of permanent teeth (PRT) were failed. In both deciduous and permanent teeth, the most common reason of amalgam restoration failure was secondary caries. Other common reasons of failure in DRT were secondary caries (25.8%), tooth fracture 10.5%), amalgam marginal fracture (7.4%), and amalgam bulk fracture (4.8%) and overhang (3.9%). In PTR secondary carries (7.5%), marginal amalgam fracture (3%) was the frequent reasons for failure. There was no significant difference between two sexes (p>0/05). The failure in DTR was significant higher than PTR (p<0/05) and it was significantly higher in multi surfaces compared to one surface restorations. According to the results of our study, we should emphasize the need for continuing education of dental practitioners and arranging regularly patient’s follow-up.

The aim of this trial was to evaluate mothers’ satisfaction from pamphlet and phone call as Educational Media in improving 12- to 15-months-old oral health. It also investigates whether the outcome of this educational intervention varies, based on economic level. The participants were mothers of children (12-15 months- old) at baseline attending the vaccination offices of 12 randomly selected public health centers in Tehran. Health centers were randomly assigned into 2 groups: Pamphlet & phone call, Pamphlet only. Educational intervention comprising oral health instruction was integrated into health staff duty. Economic level of the child’s city area served as the economic indicator. Interviews were performed by a person blind to the intervention groups. The follow up period was 6 months. Outcome was defined as mothers’ evaluation from the program and their perceived behavioral change. The vast majority of mothers were satisfied with the pamphlet in both intervention groups, with no difference in their satisfaction according to SES backgrounds. Regarding self-perceived change in their oral health behaviors, 64% of mothers considered this to be very much or much, 20% moderate, 12% little and 4% had no opinion. Compared to group who received only pamphlet, those in group of pamphlet and phone call had reported more influence on their oral health behaviors (p = 0.05) Oral health education with pamphlet and reminder phone calls provided to mothers by general health staff is a valuable tool for improvement of oral health desirable diet amongst infants and toddlers in countries with developing oral health systems.

As suggested by the previous studies, levels of calcium and phosphate in saliva may be related to the susceptibility to dental caries while alkaline phosphatase enzyme may play an important role in the dental caries process. The Objective of present study was to compare the concentrations of salivary calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme in 3-5 years old children with severe, moderate caries and Caries free in kindergarten in Qazvin in 2011-2012. In this descriptive analytical trial, 75 children were selected aging 3-5 years old and assigned into 3 groups of caries susceptibility: severe Caries (dmft>6), moderate caries (1≤dmft≤6) and no caries (dmft = 0). The salivary samples of children were obtained and subjected to calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentration determination. The data were statistically analyzed by means of one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test in three groups. The alkaline phosphatase activity for the severe Caries, moderate and no caries children were 7.88±2.66, 18.44±10.49 and 19.52±13.31 U/lit respectively. ALP activity increased significantly together with increased caries incidence (p<0.0001). However, no significant differences were found among three groups of Caries susceptibility regarding the concentrations of salivary calcium and phosphate ions. Under the study limitations, salivary alkaline phosphatase activity had been increased together with the increased caries scores, however, no significant differences were noted regarding salivary concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions.

The word “disability” can not be found within the Qur’an or Hadiths, but the concept of Muslims having inabilities or special needs and how they interacted in society can be found throughout the history of Islam. To consider general Islamic societal attitudes regarding individuals with disabilities; with emphasis on the Islamic Republic of Iran. The limitations of services, in particular, oral health care, for this population are presented in an effort to develop an awareness of the necessity to extend needed care. The Pub Med computer search engine was used to review background reports on Islamic traditions regarding individuals with disabilities, as well as the specific conditions in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The belief of Muslims is that individuals are created with different abilities and disabilities with the objective for a Muslim to focus on their abilities and show gratefulness rather than focus on the disability. However, reports indicate that there are many difficulties faced by these individuals, including limitations in securing needed for oral health services. In line with the basics of Islamic beliefs, attention is required to provide for the oral health need of individuals with disabilities